CWE-74
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
Description
The product constructs all or part of a command, data structure, or record using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify how it is parsed or interpreted when it is sent to a downstream component.
Parent Weaknesses (ChildOf)
Common Consequences
Scope
Impact
Read Application Data
Scope
Impact
Bypass Protection Mechanism
Scope
Impact
Alter Execution Logic
Scope
Impact
Other
Scope
Impact
Hide Activities
Potential Mitigations
Programming languages and supporting technologies might be chosen which are not subject to these issues.
Utilize an appropriate mix of allowlist and denylist parsing to filter control-plane syntax from all input.
CVE-2024-5184API service using a large generative AI model allows direct prompt injection to leak hard-coded system prompts or execute other prompts.
CVE-2022-36069Python-based dependency management tool avoids OS command injection when generating Git commands but allows injection of optional arguments with input beginning with a dash (CWE-88), potentially allowing for code execution.
CVE-1999-0067Canonical example of OS command injection. CGI program does not neutralize "|" metacharacter when invoking a phonebook program.
CVE-2022-1509injection of sed script syntax ("sed injection")
CVE-2020-9054Chain: improper input validation (CWE-20) in username parameter, leading to OS command injection (CWE-78), as exploited in the wild per CISA KEV.
CVE-2021-44228Product does not neutralize ${xyz} style expressions, allowing remote code execution. (log4shell vulnerability)
Applicable Platforms
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